China s Democracy And Human Right Essay - 953 Words

10th October 1911, the smoke of gunpowder enveloped the Wuhan City and the water in Yangtze River was bloodied red. The Wuchang Uprising broken up. Just in two months next to the revolution, fifteen Chinese provinces declared their independence and prepare to build a new republic government. 1st January 1912, the first Asian presidential system country- Republic of China was built in Nanjing then the emperor of Manchuria abdicated at end of this year. From this year, four thousand years’ Chinese absolute monarchy was ruined meanwhile two thousand years sacred and inviolable emperor system was buried. All future generations will not forget the man who devoted his whole life to China’s democracy and human right. He is the father of Republic of China- Sun yat-sen. Dr. Sun was born in 1866 and died in 1925 and he was not born in a wealthy family. His parents are docile peasants like most of the emperor’s people but Dr. Sun’s old brother worked in a pasture in San Francisco and he became a rich rancher with 6000 acres land later. Dr. Sun went to Honolulu and Hawaii for a studied tour with the financial aid of his old brother from 1878 to 1883. During that time, Dr. Sun hadn’t found his ambitious but just used to idled his time away. In final, he got his medical degree in British Hong Kong in 1892 then he began to doctor in Portuguese Macao. At that time, Honk Kong and Macao as western colonies, peoples’ views on politics were not controlled by Manchuria Empire. Dr. Sun used toShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Liberal Values At The International Level1617 Words   |  7 Pagesthe international level As China is becoming a global power today, China’s views on liberal values are gaining a greater share in the global marketplace of ideas negatively affects America’s national interests, since its growing power and the example of its development could have considerable ideological influence upon other countries. China’s economic rising power has deflected international criticism of its records of democratization and human rights. Human rights issues have indeed been givenRead MoreEssay on U.S. and China Relations1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States and China have grown dramatically since Nixons visit in 1972. Nixons visit got the Chinese and the US back as friends, instead of being against each other because of their government differences. This relationship has been very shaky ever since the nations have been dealing with each other. First, they were on good terms in the late seventeen hundreds. They traded with each other quite often, and American businessmen went over to start businesses in China, which helped out theRead MoreThe Western Media Democratic Promotion Against The East871 Words   |  4 Pagescalls Liu the ‘central spokesman for human rights’ and an ‘international symbol’ for the struggle against China. This can in turn be viewed a s a critique of ‘the other’ and a direct promotion of the western model of democracy. On the eve of the ceremony, a Chinese spokesman stated that the nation hopes â€Å"that those countries who have received invitations can tell right from wrong and uphold justice†. They continued - â€Å"it s not an issue of human rights. It s an issue of interfering in other countriesRead MoreDifferences Between Monarchy and Democracy784 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences between Monarchy and Democracy 1. Democracy is a type of government that emanates from the constituted powers that are elected, depending on the system (presidentialist, parliamentary, constitutional monarchy, semi presidentialist, semi parliamentary, etc...) directly or indirectly by the people. Whereas in an absolute monarchy, an absolutist regime exists and is in power because of family lineage. 2. In democracy three state powers(in most cases) exist as a checks and balancesRead MoreTiananmen Square Incident(1989) - compare to 1984.1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe monstrous event that happened on June 4th, 1989 will be forever remembered as one of the most tragic days in human history. However, many decades ago, this event was foreseen and was foretold in the book, 1984, by George Orwell. Orwell saw the rise of totalitarianism, and he was deeply disturbed by what he saw. He believes totalitarianism will be the method that communist party adopts to fight freedom. The book foreshadows many of the events that will happen in a communist society. In many waysRead MoreThe Rise Of China s Economy1036 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we do look to see who could be a potential existential threat, the answer is almost always China. China s economy is growing rapidly, its military is expanding, and its diplomatic influence has spread to every continent. However, despite its impressive rise in the last fifteen years, China remains decades away from competing with the US on any level. There has been more discussion of the rise of China in recent years due to the struggles in our own country. Our economy is growing very slowlyRead MoreHow Does the Presence of a Confucian Culture Affect the Operation of Democracy?1083 Words   |  5 PagesValues†. Asian values refers to the strong traditional cultural values such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism which co-exists in East Asian societies. The purpose of this essay is to explore Confucian culture and how it may affect the operation of democracy in East Asia. Confucianism is tradition of political and social thought named after the scholar Kongzi (Confucius 551-479 B.C), it is still widely practiced/ seen in social, legal, theological, ethical and political thought. Kongzi was born intoRead MoreSummary Of The Book Fareed Zakaria 1563 Words   |  7 Pagesnegotiate, and support nations that practice democracy. But the term is being used too loosely, declining in value, and essentially becoming meaningless. A danger arises when, through democratic means, countries elect leaders who believe in ideas that are neither free, nor consistent with the common good. Too often, autocratic, despotic, and nefariously led regimes are progenies of democratic institutions: the very contradiction of â€Å" liberal democracy,† which essentially represents â€Å"the constructionRead MoreFreedom For The Organization Freedom House1466 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom can be categorized in many different ways, but for the organization Freedom House ther e are only two key aspects that can be ranked to determine which countries are free. By using the ideas of â€Å"civil liberties† and â€Å"political rights† which combine to create an overall â€Å"freedom rating† (Freedom House, 2014) that are compiled into a list of global ranking of freedom. In comparing countries that are free and not free, there is a trend that shows how authoritarian states tend to rank lower inRead MoreThe City Of Hong Kong1547 Words   |  7 PagesPack your bags! We’re off to a city that is an intriguing mix of traditional Asian culture and a modern commercially-vibrant metropolis. A city situated at the mouth of the Pearl River of Southern China, embraced by the South China Sea. A city of harbors, skyscrapers, shopping malls, temples, quiet parks and green spaces, beaches, mountain top views, and remnants of its colonial past. All of which are reasons to visit this amazing city, Hong Kong! At a little more than 420 square miles, Hong

Julius Caesar As A Bad Dictator - 982 Words

Kala Burgess Smith World literature 10 3 March, 2015 Julius Caesar One famous quote â€Å"Veni, Vidi, Vici; I came, I saw, I conquered† (Julius Caesar) taken from Shakespeare’s, Julius Caesar, expresses his personal views of Rome. The patricians people described in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar being a bad dictator. Which may have also leads to his assassination on the ides of March (March 15). The plebeians and some patricians such as Mark Antony, and his adoptive son Octavius Caesar, saw him as a good military leader. He won many wars, conquered lands, and expanded the roman republic. Julius Caesar was known for having the most advanced military mind in history. Julius Caesars was born into an important family line who descents traced back to the son of Romulus, Lulus, one of the founders of Rome. Rumor had it that Lulus was also a descended from the goddess Venus (Thorne). Most people assume people born into a family like Caesar was most likely going to go into the world of politics or they would join the army, Julius Caesar d id both. Caesars education was a little different then ours today instead of learning about math and history, the roman aristocrats taught him Greek ,this was the language of many arts and science. He also was taught about Alexander the Great. They also taught them about politics. Going deeper into what they taught him about politics, they taught him how to speak in front of crowds and how to persuade. (Thorne) At the age of 16 his fatherShow MoreRelatedEssay On Julius Caesar1650 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction- Julius Caesar was a dictator of Rome in 47 BC, and then in 44 BC, he was appointed dictator for life.But really, who was Julius Caesar? Who is this man that was murdered because of his poor leadership? Some historians may believe that Julius Caesar did things that was for the benefit of Rome, and that he made Rome more powerful in a strong way. I understand why some people think that he was a good person, he did do things to benefit Rome. For one thing, he supposedly did give rightsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Julius Caesar As A Roman Dictator1086 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar was a Roman Dictator who was both loved and hated by those that he ruled over. Throughout the world, he has been written about in a variety of different ways and is portrayed as a politician as well as a selfish dictator. Three â€Å"firsthand† accounts that were written to give us a better understanding of Julius Caesar were â€Å"The Assassination of Julius Caesar†, â€Å"Tranquillus, Gaius Suetonius†, and â€Å"Plutarch, The Assassination of Julius Caesar, from Marcus Brutus†. We will explore the writingsRead MoreJulius Caesar ´s Death: Analysis Essay552 Words   |   3 PagesShould Julius Caesar have been killed? This question has plagued history for years without a real answer. Julius Caesar was corrupt and all powerful, and his death saved Rome. It really is that simple; he declared himself dictator for life and ignored the Senate’s power. A man with that much power can only hurt a nation. Julius Caesar was a blood thirsty man. He fought everyone he could just to extend Rome. (Julius Caesar. ) He savagely killed anyone that got in his way. Many may say that he wasRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero934 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero given that he is of nobleRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero937 Words   |  4 Pages Caesar the Great Julius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragicRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero1171 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar Julius Caesar, the greatest war hero and most noble of all wanted to be praised by all Roman citizens wanted to achieve power to rule as a king. The play is set in ancient Rome in the year 44 B.C. when the Roman general Julius Caesar was almost ruler of the entire world at the highest point in his career. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking†Read MoreJulius Caesar: Who Was He Really? Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Who was Julius Caesar? Julius Caesar accomplished many things in his day, which most would consider unbelievable. He has been considered a tyrant or dictator, and some believe he was one of the world’s greatest politician. In this paper we will compare the textbook and documentation that was written around 44 B.C.E the time of his death. The documents are considered to be â€Å"primary sources†, because of the timeframe in which they were written. To get a grasp on whom, Julius Caesar really was, weRead MoreWhy Is Julius Caesar Significant?1388 Words   |  6 Pages Name: Ilan Gofman Date: November 24, 2015 Why is Julius Caesar significant to world history? Description: (3 specific, interesting, relevant, and accurate facts) 1. Political Achievements Being born into the senatorial class, Julius Caesar was to serve in the army and in the senate. He quickly rose through political rankings. He started off being elected as a quaestor in 69 BCE, it was his duty to supervise the financial affairs of the state. In 65 BCE, he was appointed Adele, whichRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Bit Cruel But For Today s Day An Age1189 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar assignation seemed a bit cruel even for today’s day an age. Now what was the reasoning behind the killing? Did people view him as a model politician or a selfish dictator? After reading three excerpts I found that these account were leaning more on the side of Caesar being a selfish dictator rather than a model politician, for the simple fact that the way the events were described leading up to the assignation as being horrible for Rome. After he manipulated his way to consul of RomanRead MoreComparing Julius Caesar s The Twelve Caesars 1729 Words   |  7 PagesJulius Caesar’s mindset influenced the history of his people. He was born July 12, 100 b.c in Rome as Gaius Julius Caesar, known today as Julius Caesar. He was a Praetor, Aedile, Consul, Pontifex Maximus, and dictator for life, and his greatest achievement is changing the Roman republic to the Roman empire. His life ended tragically when he was stabbed twenty three times by his political enemies. Creating the Roman empire changed the history of his people. The three main sources used in this essay

Foreign Direct Investment Disadvantages free essay sample

There is a lot to be said for big retail to come to India, but we cannot simply be taken in and mimic something which is being pushed down our throats because those who make the policy appear to not have the faintest clue on how retail really works in India If there were clear answers in black and white to the question, there would really be no need for any debate on the issue, but the truth is that it is simply not that simple. On a philosophical and emotional level, the answer could be that any form of foreign participation in a domestic market is rife with dangers of the colonialism sort, but in this day and age, while the core concept of being wary of foreign dominance may still be true, the fact remains that there are plenty of ways to ensure that it works on a win-win basis for all concerned. The main problem with the current status of foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail in India is that it does not provide a level playing field to other players of the domestic and small sort. In addition, it appears to take a rather naive and simplistic view on certain aspects, which like myths being repeated, tend to become urban legends. On the other hand, no country can afford to take on an isolationist approach. To start with, it may help to go through the background and policy note on the Cabinet decision on FDI in retail, as put up on various places on the internet. Facebook, PIB) As this writer sees it, with a holistic view of the subject and not just based on jingoism of the â€Å"burn down the malls† (right view) and â€Å"bad for farmers† (left view) sort, but on rational evaluation of larger issues, there are some points which need to be straightened out. Large retail is inevitable, and that is a simple truth, but there has to be larger perspective for public good which seems to be missing from this policy. The people of India come first, including those who want a better product or service buying or selling experience, and at the end of the day i t is their wallets which will decide where they go. But at the same time, the government, with the policy as outlined above, cannot sell the baby with the bath-water, and make things worse. Some suggestions: 1) The present Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act requires urgent revamp if we really want to help the rural and agricultural sectors with a better go to market scenario. This, along with rapid introduction of the goods and services tax (GST) as well as ease of inter- and intra-state movement of foodgrain, agri products and fresh produce, would do more to improve matters, as well as do wonders for our conomy in a variety of ways—most of all in terms of controlling prices as well as reducing storage and transit losses. 2) The policy shown above makes a case that â€Å"brands† by big FDI retailers need to be carried across borders without in any way making it clear that the quality of those brands needs to be same across borders, too. As of now we see that with these manufacturers and retailers there is on e lower quality for sale in India and there is a better quality for sale in developed countries—case in point being soft drinks, processed foods, confectionery, electronics, motor vehicles and others. If anything is by way of a different quality for India for price or other reasons, then let it be clearly marked as such. 3) Specifically in the case of packaged and processed foods, the policy does not say anything about adherence to best case scenarios in terms of labelling of ingredients and avoiding misleading marketing ploys, thereby leading to a situation where outright dangerous products are foisted on Indian consumers. The amount of product detail available for consumers in developed countries must be matched for India, too. India cannot become a vast chemistry lab for processed foods or anything else. 4) More empirical data needs to be provided on subjects like â€Å"improvement in supply chain†. India is the country where the passenger rail ticket deliveries, fresh hot cooked food by dabbawallas and diamonds as well as other precious stones by angadias have set better than global standards in supply chains, so the same standards need to be quantified and applied to those seeking 100% FDI in retail. It is not too much to ask for them to match the Indian standards—unless those who made the policy are ashamed of our prowess. ) The investments in retail by the FDI route, when they come, should come only through a short-list of recognised tax adherence countries. The misused option of FDI coming in through known or suspect tax havens needs to be blocked—firmly. Likewise, full disclosures of the strictest sort need to be made on who the investors are—again, these cannot be suitcas e corporate identities hiding behind consultants and banks in shady tax havens or other countries. Unlike what happened in, for example, airlines, Indians need to know who is investing and from where. And in case there are legal issues, then we need to know who the faces are who will go through the Indian legal system, unless those who made the policy are ashamed of our legal system. 6) The payment processing and cash management as well as tax adherence part of this industry, both in terms of procurement and sale, need to be through the Indian banking system. And by fully transparent methods, so that float as well as control remains in India at all times, as is the case in developed countries.

Journeys End and A Long Long Way Essay Example

Journeys End and A Long Long Way Essay From the start, Sherriffs play Journeys End and Barrys novel A Long Long Way present two very different social class viewpoints of the Great War. Sherriffs play focuses on the viewpoint of the public school educated officers of the C Company and Barry presents his novel through the eyes of an ordinary Irish boy, Willie Dunne, who not having reached the height required for him to follow his father into the police force, opted to volunteer for the war. The biggest difference between both texts is the language. The novels narrative focalisation often shows the working class viewpoint of Willie whereas the play is full of public school register. The reader and the audience are aware, as a result of the difference in social class views and are provided with ample opportunities to compare the differences in both texts. Both the texts are a reflection of the times they were written. The play being written just after the war and during a time where theatre-going was a solely upper class phenomenon would not have been at all popular if it was focused on the lives of the working class soldiers rather than the lives of the officers. We will write a custom essay sample on Journeys End and A Long Long Way specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Journeys End and A Long Long Way specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Journeys End and A Long Long Way specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Similarly, the text being very much a modern novel makes use of social changes and therefore has no qualms about portraying the true nature of working class soldiers. Also, novels are not restricted to a particular social class of people, especially in this modern day and age, where the class differences have become increasingly blurred. The first few pages of both texts are an indication of the opinion of the respective writers as well as those portrayed in the texts. A Long Long Way starts with a dark and somewhat bleak picture of the streets of Dublin. With its rain-lashed streets and its cabmen huddling in their mucky gabardines it is the epitome of the harsh grind of working class life. The language is very earthy and realistic in the sense that it does not detract from the reality of the maternity ward in hospitals circa the late 19th century. The babies who cried like wounded cats in the laps of the nurses with their aprons of butchers in the hospital with its stony ox-skulls and draperies facade resembles in the readers mind the image of abattoirs. It is very much a working class setting for the reader to delve into. On the other hand, Journeys End could not be any more different. It starts off with a conversation between the outgoing company commander and the 2nd Lieutenant of the incoming company. It is filled with public school register and very controlled language. It most importantly displays the classic stiff upper lip nature of the British upper classes. Hardy commenting on the soldiers being frightfully annoyed with dirt in their tea after a bomb, is such an example. This is therefore an explicit illustration of the differences between social class within the interactions and the lives of the Officers and the ordinary men. Social class differences portrayed within the texts are also evident. Journeys End, a play from the Officers stance, is very much discriminatory towards the generally working class soldiers. The army in those days consisted of two groups, the Officers and the men. Stanhope is very insistent on the dividing line between the two groups. He, as part of the upper class system, seems to consider the loyal soldiers under his command as separate from his staff, comprising of the lieutenants. His objective view of the soldiers below him is what causes him to separate them and portray them to the audience as a completely different entity. His reference to the soldiers as the men as well as his incredulity at Raleigh feeding with the men is an illustration of his sense of superiority and separate nature from the common soldiers. Whereas, in Journeys End the commanding officers as well the lower ranking officers remain aloof and separate from the soldiers, A Long Long Way presents a much more humanitarian side to the company commanding officers. Captain Pasley accompanying Clancy, OHara and Willie for a swim in the river running through the reserve lines is something that the audience cannot picture Stanhope doing. The company captains in A Long Long Way are much more liberal. Talking about the big liming job as well as bawling out those happy words, Can you sling them on your shoulder Like a lousy fucking soldier Do your balls hang low? seems something common soldiers would sing about. However, it is Captains Pasley and Sheridan, respectively, who talk about the farming or sing songs that are popular with the men, with obvious enthusiasm. One observation that comes to mind is that in Journeys End the company officers are English, whereas in A Long Long Way the company commanders are Irish as well as the men. It would seem that the rural nature of Ireland was the overriding factor, that an Irishman coming out of Sandhurst would never be the same as a middle or upper-class Englishman. It can be seen within the two texts that social class differences even play a role in a persons sense of honour and duty. Journeys End being a play based on the experience of the officers in a company, one would have presumed that the sense of honour and duty would be prevalent throughout. However, this is not the case. We see that Hardy is not at all concerned with any proper sense of honour and duty. His duty to his country manifests itself in his enquiry about looking every inch the soldier. However, this is contrasted by Osbornes strong sense of duty. He is dutiful and very loyal to Stanhope while Hardy being the shirking type, incredulously remarks Osborne is fussy and God! you are a worker. This difference is seen within the same class system. Both of them are obviously not working class soldiers but their attitudes on honour and duty differ. It therefore stands to reason that there will be such differences, if not more contrasting ones, from either side of the line. The audience is not disappointed, but the differences are somewhat unexpected. Hibbert, an officer of the company, is a weak and ineffectually individual. From the start Sherriff immediately establishes him as someone that does not contribute fully to the team, and because of this, we do not feel sympathy for him. In contrast to this, Mason, a fighting soldier, acts as a cook and as well as a servant. He is evidently hard-working and keen to serve, and Osborne and Trotter discussing his dirty dishcloth also provides some light humour. Mason serves as a reminder that normal activities still need to continue, and his all-round good nature endears the audience to him. He obviously has no fears of stepping on to the front line from the relative safety of his dug-out kitchen. When Stanhope tells him to finish up in the kitchen and join the platoon in the line; his reply is a simple and straightforward very good, sir. Having seen the differences that an individuals social class can have on their outlook on not only life, but also how it affect their dealings with others as well as their commitment and contribution to life in the trench; it is obviously the case that the two social classes will behave differently. We see in A Long Long Way the true nature of the ordinary soldiers. The use of foul language as well as the very realistic portrayal of men dealing with their fellow men is most apparent in the interaction of Willie, Christy Moran the Sergeant Major and Pete OHara. The sexual realism that is portrayed, such as Willies need to masturbate to stop himself from exploding worse than any bomb is also a depiction of how the common soldiers behaved. The novels Sergeant Major, the highest ranking soldier amongst the men, is by far the truest soldier amongst his men. He is a full time soldier and as a result he sees no problem in using foul language on a frequent basis. Even the most simple of directions or observations have to be interspersed with a fucking or a shite. But despite the rough demeanour, the soldiers liked him, all the guff and gristle that he was. However, when this is compared to the captains of Willies company, it would seem that their behaviour is as varied as they themselves. Captain Pasley is portrayed as the typical upper-class officer. He is seemingly unaware of the risks that come with raising your head above the parapet with alarming indifference. However this could just be the typical bravado displayed by middle and upper-class men, who would suffer unbearably, sometimes for no good reason, rather than show any sign of weakness. His observation that the night and land are beautiful and of the river that he is sure is absolutely full of trout is all a caricature and Barry mocking his obvious public school upbringing. The other captain of the company, Captain Sheridan, is however vastly different. He has a very merry way about him and is insistent on keeping troop morale high. This he does by singing songs whilst on the march. He is sufficiently versed in the working class nature of the soldiers to enjoy singing Charlotte the Harlot and Do your Balls Hang Low. On the other hand, Sherriffs Journeys End does not at all mirror the way Barry has written his novel or his presentation of characters from two different social classes. The behaviour of the various characters within the play, compared to the novel, is very frigid. There is no interaction between the regular soldiers and the officers of the company. Trotter and Mason, both working class soldiers, although Trotter has been promoted to a Lieutenant, are in a sense breaths of fresh air amongst the very reserved atmosphere that can be felt within the dugout. As the plays central focus is on public school life, talk of rugby, cricket and schoolmasters, acts as a bond between the men. It helps the upper-class soldiers deal with the stresses of war if they think of the war as an extension of their public school-life. With public-schools at the time being single-sex establishments, the men having to live and work together in the small space of a dugout would not have been to fazed because they would have had undoubtedly shared rooms back in school. Such a shared background is clearly significant. Osborne measures distances by relating them to rugby fields and Raleigh relates his fatal injury to one he suffered whilst playing rugby. It is for them a way to escape from all the horrors of the war. As a result, it would seem that the rest of the officers stay aloof from either Trotter or Mason. To some extent, the separation between them and Mason is justifiable, in the sense that servant and officers dont mix. But Trotter, who is also an officer, cannot escape the stereotype associated with him by his public-school bred colleagues. He is seen by the others as a genuine sort of chap who makes things feel natural. Stanhope thinks he has no imagination and believes that Trotter is always the same or never get sick to death of everything. It is obvious that Trotter has come to terms with the slightly patronising behaviour and the presumed lack of intelligence he has to endure within the army. He shows his fierce commitment and loyalty when he is made second in command. He evidently feels honoured by the promotion and promises Stanhope that he will do his best and not let him down. The social class difference also transcends into the way the soldiers and officers talk to each other. In Journeys End, the two main working class characters are Mason and Trotter. Mason speaks in a Cockney accent and Sherriff indicates this through the spelling and dropped letter at both the beginning as well as the end of words. The meat that he serves at the beginning of the play has a noo shape and asnt got that smooth wet look that liver has. Trotter also speaks differently from the other officers. His use of the phrase I reckon where Raleigh and the others would you I suppose is a clear example of this. His exclamations are more frequent as well. They consist of damn and bloomin' as well as blinkin' whereas the other officers would say things like beastly, frightfully and, very rarely, damned. Another clear illustration of this is when Trotter comes to see Osborne just before the raid. His simple, yet crude rhymes contrast with Osbornes evocative references to Alice in Wonderland. Trotter declaims, Tell me, mother, what is that / That looks like strawberry jam? / Hush, hush my dear; tis only Pa / Run over by a tram with its obvious reference to death. While in contrast, Osborne talks of the gently smiling jaws of the little crocodile, with a more subdued indication of life and death. The two officers have different ways of expressing their response to the war. Where Trotter explicitly refers to the situation; Osborne, on the other hand, refers to it in a more controlled and implicit way, typical of most public-school characters. Moving away from the war for just a moment, it is clear that where in the trenches, social class played a major role in the way soldiers were treated by one another, it also meant that lives outside before the war were very different, to say the least. The rich upper-class, public-school educated boys would all have had their lives set out for them. For some, the war came as a welcome break from the monotonous and dreary, controlled and restrained lifestyle. For many, it was an adventure. It was a way for them to go and see the world. What also helped was the fact that many of these young lads had some sort of Combined Cadet Force training, very much in line with the old Imperial tradition. However, for the working-class men, some had no choice but to go. It was for them a way of not only gaining recognition but also a way of earning money to feed the hungry mouths within their homes. It was for some, a lifeline. It was a way to make something out of their lives. It would have been an amazing story to tell the grandchildren by the fire. Many went for aesthetic reasons, and had help making decisions from the countless pro-war propaganda campaigning that was going on. One such advert with the slogan, Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War, would have no doubt sent many a young father off to the War, some destined never to return. The life of the upper-class, public-school soldiers is clearly showed in Journeys End. Osborne was a schoolmaster who refereed Rugger games. His revelation that he played for the Harlequins as well as for England on one great occasion is greeted with an almost reverent Oh, but, good Lord! that must have been simply topping from Raleigh. In comparison, Willie from A Long Long Way is but a mere builder working for Dempsey, the most renowned construction contractor in Dublin. This again shows in full force the gap between the working-class soldiers and their public-school counterparts. In conclusion, it can be seen that social class differences played a major role in how men acted and were treated within the army. Both the texts have a wide variety of differences with regards to the social class differences within the soldiers of one company. However, it must be noted that in a way, the war made all that difference worthless. The great shadow of Death did no differentiate between who had a public-school upbringing in Eton or Repton and who was brought up on a farm or in the slums on the outskirts of Dublin. Perhaps this is why towards the end of the war the line dividing the public-schooled upper classes from the common working class man became increasingly blurred. This is shown in both texts, with Trotter, a working-class soldier, being promoted to second in command of the C Company; and in A Long Long Way, with Christy Moran being made the surrogate captain of the Dublin Fusiliers. At the start of the First World War, only men who were public-school educated could be commissioned officers. However, as can be seen from both texts, the class system was changing and the traditional officer class no longer existed. After the first year of the war, it became possible to gain promotion without having to be privately educated. It would seem that this is how Sherriff himself became a captain in the East Surrey regiment. But it did not stop there. After World War II, the people of Britain had become exasperated with the right-wing, middle-class dominated Conservative party. The political party of Churchill was overthrown by the people in favour of a more socialist party. A party, that was devoted to the fairness and equality that was demanded by so many of the people in Britain. This serves to illustrate exactly how social class attitudes can change in the face of trials and tragedy. Britain underwent a massive social change and in 1945, twelve weeks after the end of the War, the socialist, left-wing Labour party won the national election in an amazing landslide; such that it was equated to a political earthquake.